CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING

Surveying is a very old profession and can be classified in many different ways.
Classification Based on Accuracy of work. Two general classifications of surveys
are geodetic. and plane. If! geodetic surveying the curvature of the earth is taken
into account. Surveys are conducted with a high degree of accuracy. However in
plane surveying. except for levelling, the reference base for field work and
computations is assumed to be a flat horizontal surface. The error caused by
assuming the earth to be a plane area is not serious jf the area measured is small
say, within 250 km.
Classification Based 011 Usc or Purpose of Resulting Slap«. This canbe classified
:IS follows:
(a) Control surveys establish a network of horizontal and vertical points that
serve as a reference framework for other SUT\'e)'s.
(b) Topographic surveys show the natural features of a country such as
rivers, streams, lakes, forests, hills, etc.
(c) Land, boundary or cadastral surveys establish property lines and corners.
(d) Hydrographic surveys define the shore lines and depth of water bodies,
e.g. oceans" reservoirs and lakes.
(e) Route surveys are done as a preliminary to construction of roads 'and
railways.
(f) Mine surveys are done above and below the ground to guide mining
operations under ground.
Classification Based on Equipment Used. In chain, theodolite, plane table;
tacheornetric surveys, the equipment named is the major equipment used in survey
work. In photogrammetric surveying, major equipment is a photogramrnetric camera.
Classiflcation Based 011 Position of Instruments. When measurement is done
on the ground by say chain, tope or electronic distance measuring equipment it
is ground survey; when photographic observations ore token from air; it is aerial
survey,

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