Urban Drainage Models

The complex hydrology and hydraulics of rainfall–runoff models in urban watersheds represents one
of the most challenging problems in water resources engineering, even when it has been an important
level of advancement by the scientific community. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology
has been applied successfully to represent the complexity of the variables, and optimization methods
have been applied to improve calibration as well. Unlike undeveloped watersheds, urban basins present
an additional component to be modeled: the drainage network.
The simulation of rainfall–runoff relationships has been a prime focus of hydrologic research for
several decades and has resulted in an abundance of models having been proposed . Accurate and
reliable modeling of stormwater runoff and associated phenomena has been in the past and continues
today to be a challenge

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